What types of life insurance are there and what are they for.
Getting the right type of life insurance for you and your family can be one of the most important decisions you will ever make. The major problem with this decision however is, if you get it wrong you will probably not know until you have died and it is too late. So this article has been written with the hope that it’s a clear breakdown of the cover available to you will help you to make the right choice now and see you right in the future.
Essentially there are really two types of life insurance available on the market there are more but owing to their particular niche uses they are probably not relevant to be discussed here. The main types that you will come across, and probably need in one way or another, are Term Insurance and Whole of Life Assurance.
Whole of life insurance is probably the most simplest in so much as it insures you for the whole of your life, you could say it does what is says on the tin. You take out whole life insurance for a set sum assured and you just keep paying it till that fateful day comes. You can add features such as indexation to the benefit, this means that the sum assured (and the premium) will rise with inflation. This is a valuable feature as what is a large amount of money today will not be a lot of money in the distant future, so one well worth considering. Let’s face it you don’t want to take out life insurance now for a lot of money only to find out it would barely take you out for dinner 40 years later.
The main reason that you would decide to choose whole of life insurance is for the protection of your family. You want to make sure that in the event of your death there is a sufficient amount of money saved for your family to be able to reinvest and provide an ongoing source of income for the future when you are no longer there to provide for them. The downside of this form of insurance is that because it runs for the whole of your life, it is not the cheapest option available. It is, however, the only one that guarantees a cash payout at the end of your life.
The other type of life insurance comes in many guises but is simply known as Term insurance for the basic reason that it runs for a specified term, anything from one year to 50 or 60 years. You set the sum insured you require and you decide what term you like and that is it, it will run for that period at that level. If you die during that period it will pay out the benefit, if you don’t it will just cease and that is it. Term insurance can also include indexation, as explained earlier, it doers the same thing just increases the premium and sum insured at the rate of inflation.
As I have said, term insurance comes in several forms. We have level term insurance, decreasing term or mortgage protection as it is sometimes known, family income benefit also called family income plans, convertible term and last but not least renewable term insurance. I will try to shed some light on these in the following paragraphs.
First is decreasing term or mortgage protection. This plan is the same as all term plans in so much as it runs for a specified period of time. However the difference is that the sum insured reduces year in year out. The reason for this is linked to the use it is put to. You would normally use this type of plan to cover a repayment mortgage and with repayment mortgages the amount of debt falls year in year out so the plan just mimics that reduction. The benefit of this is the premiums for 100,000 cover for mortgage protection which decreases each year are a lot cheaper than for 100,000 on level term. So if it is a repayment mortgage you need to cover then this plan is possibly the one for you.
Next on the list of options is Family Income Benefit. This is a relatively new sort of life insurance policy, aimed at providing bereaved families with a payout in the form of an annual income rather than a one off lump sum. The problem with one off payouts for families is that it is then up to them to reinvest the money in other areas in order to create an income for them. This can be traumatic and difficult for grieving loved ones. Family income plans take away this hassle. By insuring for a set income for a set amount of time, if you die before the end of the term, the policy automatically pays out that income to your family until the end of the term.
Convertible term insurance and renewable term insurance are very similar in so much as they allow the plan to be changed in some way in the future as long as that change takes place before the end of the term. Renewable term insurance allows the policy holder to renew the plan for a further term without any underwriting (that means no health checks) this means you could have a 10 year renewable term plan and essentially renew it for a further 10 years regardless of your health as long as you do it before the first ten year term has finished.
The convertible plan takes it to another level. This sort of plan lets you convert the original policy from term insurance plan to whole of life, as long as it is done within the time of the original term. The reason you may want this option is if you couldn’t afford a whole of life policy at the start but find yourself in a position to take one out later. Convertible policies allow you to change to whole of life when you can without having to undergo any health checks.
You should know, however, that convertible and renewable policies are more expensive than regular term policies. Also, when you do come to renew or convert your policy you will be asked to pay the premiums in accordance with a person of your age at that time, which will inevitably be higher than you have been previously paying, so don’t be under the impression that you are getting a free lunch. The main thing is to ensure that you have the right cover needed regardless of your health.
Hopefully this article has gone some way to clear up any misunderstandings you may have had about the life cover options open to you. That said if you are still unsure you are strongly advised to seek independent financial advice because as I said earlier a wrong decision now may not be discovered till it is too late.